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1 1 (September 19, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govbbcy0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service Informing the legislative debate since 1914 September 19, 2019 Defense Primer: Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) Overview and Mission The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) is a voluntary high school (grades 9-12) program of instruction administrated by the Department of Defense (DOD) through the military departments. The purpose of JROTC, according to 10 U.S.C. §2031, is to instill in students in U.S. secondary educational institutions the value of citizenship, service to the United States, and personal responsibility and a sense of accomplishment. JROTC was established as an Army program by the National Defense Act of 1916 (P.L. 64-85) and in 1964 expanded to the Navy and Air Force. Congress authorized Coast Guard units at two specific schools: one in 1989 (P.L. 101-225) and one in 2005 (P.L. 109-241). There are over 3,000 JROTC units operating in every state and in DOD schools overseas. Estimated enrollment in the JROTC program is more than 500,000 students. Table I. Distribution of JROTC Unit Sponsorship Service Number of Units Army 1,701* Navy 583 Marine Corps 271 Air Force 920 Coast Guard 2 Source: FY2020 budget justification documents (-books) for the Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps. *Army data is for FY2016; updated data is not available in Army J-books. JROTC Instructors Most JROTC instructors are retired or reserve officers and enlisted noncommissioned officers (NCOs) who serve as employees of the school district. Service level policies require JROTC schools to have a minimum of one officer (Senior Military Instructor) and one NCO (Junior Military Instructor) on staff. Requirements to qualify as a JROTC instructor (e.g., education, certification) are specified in law (10 U.S.C. §2033). Instructors are also required to abide by standards set by their parent service, as well as the policies set by their host institution. Retired servicemembers who are eligible for retired pay may continue to receive such pay while employed as an instructor. By law (10 U.S.C. §203 1), military departments may subsidize instructor positions by reimbursing the host institution for a portion of the salary. DOD financial regulations refer to the salary that a school must pay the instructor as the Minimum Instructor Pay (MIP). The MIP is the difference between (1) the active duty pay and allowances the instructor would receive if recalled to active duty and (2) the instructor's retired pay entitlement. For example, if annual military retired pay is $24,000 and total active duty pay and allowances is $52,000 the institution would pay the instructor the difference of $28,000. The military may reimburse the institution $14,000 (one-half of $28,000). Additional sample salary calculations can be found in DOD Instruction 1205.13. Curriculum JROTC courses are taught over a 3- or 4-year period. The curriculum typically includes academic coursework on topics such as leadership and ethics, civics, history, and health and wellness. There are also service-specific courses such as Aerospace Science or Seamanship and Navigation. In addition, units offer extracurricular activities such as color guard/drill team, marksmanship, and field trips to military installations. Establishing a JROTC Program Educational institutions interested in hosting a unit must apply to the respective military department. By law, participating host schools are required to maintain participation levels of 10% of the student body, or 100 students, whichever is less. The military departments establish criteria for unit placement. For example, the Army maintains an Order of Merit List, based on a point system that awards credit to institutions for categories such as Title I status under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (P.L. 89-10, as amended), local indicators of need (e.g., high unemployment or illiteracy), student enrolment, school financial solvency, and fair and equitable distribution of JROTC programs among states. Schools may also apply to host or convert an existing JROTC unit to a National Defense Cadet Corps (NDCC) per 10 U.SC. §2035. NDCC statutory and regulatory requirements are similar to host a JROTC unit. However, instructor salaries and other costs for NDCCs are the responsibility of the host institution and not subsidized by the government. There are approximately 110 NDCCs nationwide. Federal Funding Beyond instructor salaries mentioned earlier, the military departments also fund uniforms, cadet travel, training aids, text books, educational materials, and other unit operating expenses. Host institutions provide classroom space, facilities, and administrative support for the unit. Congress annually appropriates JROTC funds as part of DOD's Operation and Maintenance (O&M) and Military Personnel (MILPERS) budget. JROTC funding for all of the Services https:I/crsreports.conc -- -q

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