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Defense Primer: Military Installations Management
The Department of Defense (DOD) and the Military
Departments (MILDEPs) maintain distinctive
organizational structures (Figure 1), policies, and programs
for managing their installations. According to 16 U.S.C.
§670(1)(A), a military installation means any land, or
interest in land owned by the United States and
administered by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary
of a [MILDEP], except land under the jurisdiction of the
Assistant Secretary of the Army having responsibility for
civil works. The term is further defined in 10 U.S.C.
§2801(c)(4) to mean a base, camp, post, station, yard,
center, or other activity. In general, this includes: facilities,
training ranges, and other supporting infrastructure that
reside on a military installation.
Installations management includes overseeing, planning,
programming, and implementing major activities at military
installations, such as installation master planning; facility
planning and design; military construction (MILCON);
facilities sustainment, restoration, and modernization
(FSRM); government housing; and the disposal of real
property. These activities may include sub-activities such as
the inventory and condition assessment of real property,
reviewing real estate agreements, maintaining force
protection, and contracting utility services.
Examples of DOD programs that fall under the umbrella of
military installations management include the
* Military Housing Privatization Initiative;
* Energy Resilience and Conservation Investment
Program;
* Defense Environmental Restoration Program; and
* Child Development Programs.
Current defense-wide issuances that address real property
and associated installation management activities include
DOD Directive 4165.06 Real Property, and DOD
Instruction 4165.70 Real Property Management. Additional
installation management policies are set by each MILDEP,
or the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) for real
property they manage.
DOD-Managed Installations
DOD manages its installations (those that do not report
through a MILDEP) through the Office of the Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Sustainment (OASD(S)). The
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment has overall
responsibility for DOD's planning, programs, and capacity
to provide mission assurance through facilities investment,
MILCON, environmental restoration and compliance,
installation and operational energy resilience, and
occupational safety programs. Within OASD(S), the
Office of Facilities Management is the program manager
and policy advocate for DOD-managed installations.
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Installation support services for DOD-managed facilities
are generally provided by an associated DOD component
(i.e., the defense agency, field activity, or U.S. Special
Operations Command). However, if the DOD facility
resides on a MILDEP-owned installation, then the host
military service may also provide certain upkeep services
for the facility.
Army Installations
Within Headquarters, Department of the Army (HQDA),
the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for
Installations, Energy, and Environment, OASA (IE&E),
establishes policy, provides strategic direction, and
supervises all matters pertaining to infrastructure,
installations and contingency bases, energy, and
environmental programs for the Army. The Office of the
Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management
(OACSIM), led by the Assistant Chief of Staff for
Installation Management (ACSIM), serves as the link
between the Army Secretariat and the Army's Land
Holding Commands (LHCs). The ACSIM establishes
policies, synchronizes programs, and ensures LHCs, who
retain the Army's real property, have the resources they
need for infrastructure and installation services.
With the exception of Army National Guard facilities,
which are typically managed by states, the Army manages
installations through its Installation Management Command
(IMCOM). IMCOM handles day-to-day operations of
Army installations, providing services such as fire safety,
policing, housing, and child care. IMCOM also oversees the
Army Safety program. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE) supports Army installations, and, as applicable,
other military services and DOD components' installations,
by providing technical expertise and capabilities. Individual
installation management, planning, and leadership is
provided by the installation commander, known as a
Garrison Commander in the Army.
Navy Installations
Within the Department of the Navy, the Office of the
Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Energy, Installations
and Environment, OASN (EI&E), is responsible for policy
related to the Navy's energy security; acquisition and
disposal of real property; construction and maintenance of
installations; protecting the safety and occupational health
of the military and civilian personnel; environmental
protection, planning and restoration ashore and afloat; and
conservation of natural and cultural resources. The Deputy
Chief of Naval Operations for Fleet Readiness and
Logistics (OPNAV N4) is responsible for the resourcing of
shore installations to maintain Navy readiness.
The Commander, Navy Installations Command (CNIC) is
responsible for worldwide Navy shore installation
management, which includes operations, maintenance,
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