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1 (March 3, 2006)

handle is hein.crs/crsaivb0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code RS22086 Updated March 3, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Agriculture and FY2006 Budget Reconciliation Ralph M. Chite Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-171, S. 1932), which was signed into law on February 8, 2006, contains net spending reductions of $2.7 billion over five years for USDA mandatory programs. Included in the total is a $1.7 billion reduction in farm commodity support program spending, a $934 million reduction in conservation spending, a $620 million reduction in a mandatory research program, and a $419 million cut in rural development programs, as scored by CBO over a five-year period (FY2006- FY2010). The measure also includes a two-year extension of a dairy income support program, at an estimated cost of $998 million. Proposed House reductions to food stamp spending were not included in the final measure. What Is Budget Reconciliation? The annual congressional budget resolution provides a blueprint for all federal revenues and spending over a multi-year period. Although it does not require the President's approval, the budget resolution does establish limits for all discretionary and mandatory spending for the coming fiscal year. Once approved, the discretionary spending total is allocated to the appropriations committees, where it is subdivided among their various subcommittees. The resolution also might require reductions in mandatory spending, particularly in years when the federal deficit is expected to be large. When this occurs, the resolution issues reconciliation instructions to various authorizing committees requiring them to report changes to legislation to reduce spending on mandatory programs under the committees' jurisdiction. The reported language from each committee is then sent to its respective budget committee by a date specified in the resolution, where it is packaged with language from other committees into an omnibus reconciliation bill, which is taken to each chamber's floor for consideration. Each chamber's approved reconciliation bill is then sent to a conference committee, and a final conference measure must be approved by both chambers and signed by the President before it becomes law. (For more on budget reconciliation procedure, see CRS Report 98-814, Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration, by Bill Heniff Jr., and CRS Congressional Research Service +. The Library of Congress

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