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1 (August 27, 2004)

handle is hein.crs/crsaiqc0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code RS21923 August 27, 2004 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Background Information and Issues for Congress Tiaji Salaam, Coordinator Analyst in Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Erin D. Williams and Ruth Ellen Wasem Specialists in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Summary Congress has acted to help prevent female genital mutilation (FGM) in several ways. Broadly, it has passed legislation that targets women and aims to improve health conditions around the globe. Specifically, Congress has passed language protecting victims of FGM and criminalizing the practice in the United States in the FY1997 Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations, P.L. 104-208. It has also passed the Foreign Affairs Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2001, P.L. 106-429, which contains language requiring the U.S. Department of State to compile statistics on FGM. FGM is a term that refers to the removal or alteration of the female genitalia. It is estimated that 2 million girls in the Middle East and Africa are subjected to the procedure per year. The practice occurs most often in Yemen, Egypt, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Southern Algeria, and 28 African countries. In addition, it has been reported that certain Muslim populations in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and India practice FGM in varying levels. Although the United States and a number of industrialized countries have banned FGM, they continue to contend with it among immigrant communities who may use doctors from their home countries to perform the surgery or send their children to home countries to receive the procedure. This report discusses the prevalence of FGM, highlights programs that seek to counter its occurrence and describes the debate on FGM-related policies. This report will be updated as needed. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a term that refers to the removal or alteration of the female genitalia. Some advocate using the term female circumcision to respect the culture of those who use the procedure. In Western nations, the term FGM is most often used. In this report, the term FGM will be used as reflected in U.S. legislation. Congressional Research Service +o The Library of Congress

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