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1 (Updated March 9, 1999)

handle is hein.crs/crsaaje0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code 97-415 A
Updated March 9, 1999

Criminal Aliens: Expanded Detention,
Restricted Relief from Removal
Larry M. Eig
Legislative Attorney
American Law Division

Summary

Congress began targeting criminal aliens as a deportation priority in the 1980s, and
the 104th Congress furthered this effort in two major laws: the Antiterrorism and
Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) (P.L. 104-132) and the Illegal Immigration
Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (Division C of P.L. 104-208).
Together, these laws require the continued detention of most criminal aliens until their
removal from the U.S. These laws also tightly restrict the opportunity for aliens who
commit crimes to obtain relief from being sent abroad. Even resident aliens with
longstanding community and family ties may face mandatory detention and removal (with
little prospect of early reentry) as a consequence of past criminal activity.
Classes of removable criminal aliens. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)
makes deportable any alien who is convicted of a crime in any of the following overlapping
categories: (1) a single crime involving moral turpitude committed within 5 years of entry
(10 years in the case of certain former informants), if the crime is punishable by
imprisonment of at least 1 year; (2) two or more crimes involving moral turpitude not
arising out of a single scheme; (3) aggravated felonies; (4) controlled substances offenses;
(5) specified firearms offenses; and (6) miscellaneous national security, selective service,
and immigration offenses.
There is no statutory list of crimes involving moral turpitude, but aggravated
felonies, to which the most severe immigration consequences attach, are listed in the INA.
At first limited to murder and trafficking in drugs or firearms, the term aggravated felonies
now, after AEDPA and IIRIRA, includes 19 types of federal, state, or foreign offenses.
Among these are all thefts or crimes of violence for which the term of imprisonment is at
least a year (including any term of imprisonment that is suspended). The present listing
of aggravated felonies applies in current enforcement proceedings, even if the crime at
issue was not an aggravated felony when committed.

Congressional Research Service oe The Library of Congress

CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web

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