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656 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 6 (2014)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0656 and id is 1 raw text is: INTRODUCTION Aid and Institution- Building in Fragile States: What Do We Know? What Can Comparative Analysis Add? By RACHEL M. GISSELQUIST Why and how some states transition successfully from fragile to more robust-and some do not-are both topical and age-old questions. This volume of The ANNALS addresses these questions with particular attention to the role of foreign aid, offering new trac- tion on theory development on state-building through the use of comparative analysis. Contributions cover selected major cases of aid-supported state-building from the end of the Second World War to the present. Collectively, they highlight the potential for external assistance both to stimulate change and to alter incen- tives toward institution-building in fragile states. They also show the limits of external assistance by emphasiz- ing the decisive influence of domestic institutional lega- cies and political dynamics. This article frames the issues addressed in this volume and draws out key find- ings relevant to current public debates, including the limits to aid, the influence of historical state strength, institutional change through colonial and postcolonial interventions, and political economy incentives to maintain state weakness. Keywords: fragility; fragile states; institutions; state- building; aid; comparative methods; inter- national development W hy and how some states transition suc- cessfully from fragile to more robust- and some do not-are both topical and age-old questions. Not only are they relevant to our theories of the state and institutional change, they also have been at the heart of modern development assistance since its beginnings at the end of the Second World War. In recent years, work on fragility has become so central that state-building has been called a new Rachel M. Gisselquist, a political scientist, is currently a research fellow with the United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER). She works on the politics of the devel- oping world, with particular attention to ethnic politics and inequality, fragility, governance, and democratiza- tion in sub-Saharan Africa. She has published in vari- ous journals and editeld books. DOI: 10.1177/0002716214546991 ANNALS, AAPSS, 656, November 2014 6

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