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607 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 6 (2006)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0607 and id is 1 raw text is: Preface By GRAHAM ALLISON During the first debate of the 2004 presidential campaign, the moderator asked President George W. Bush and Senator John Kerry What is the single most serious threat to American national security? Both answered, nuclear ter- rorism. In the final weeks of the campaign, Vice President Dick Cheney made nuclear terrorism a centerpiece of his stump speech, concluding, That's the ultimate threat. For us to have a strategy that's capable of defeating that threat, you've got to get your mind around that concept. In December 2004, the UN High Level Panel of wise men and women enlisted by Secretary General Kofi Annan to assess major threats to the world's 6.5 billion people issued their report. It identifies six principal threats, from terrorism and poverty to environmental degra- dation. Among these, the panel gave primacy of place to nuclear danger, pointing to the ero- sion of the nonproliferation regime to a point that could be irreversible and result in a cas- cade of proliferation. In response to the report, Kofi Annan warned, Nuclear terrorism is still often treated as science fiction-I wish it were. But unfortu- nately we live in a world of excess hazardous materials and abundant technological know- how, in which some terrorists clearly state their intention to inflict catastrophic casualties. As International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director Mohamed ElBaradei noted in accept- ing this year's Nobel Peace Prize, We are in a Graham Allison is Douglas Dillon Professor of Government and director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. He is the author of Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (1971), Avoiding Nuclear Anarchy: Containing the Threat of Loose Russian Nuclear Weapons and Fissile Material (1996), and Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe (2004). NOTE: The author wishes to express special apprecia- tion to Stephanie Kaplan for her extraordinary efforts in overseeing the compilation of this volume. DOJ: 10.1177/0002716206290912 ANNALS, AAPSS, 607, September 2006 6

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