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555 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 7 (1998)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0555 and id is 1 raw text is: PREFACE

Israel in transition, the phrase featured in the title of this volume, refers
to a two-sided process. One side shows a country beleaguered by existential
threats for decades and becoming a linchpin of a dramatic peace process, a
side well known and well covered by the global media. The other side features
a small and poor country becoming a strong and prosperous one, while at the
same time going a long way toward joining the global marketplace.
By the nature of things, the public around the world is primarily interested
in the big political processes, which seem to impinge directly on the interests
of external forces as well. Hence, most of the attention of the world has been
directed to the diplomatic and ideological features of the historical attempt
to generate a stable peace in the Middle East, first between Egypt and Israel
and in recent years between Israel and the Palestinians. Yet many of the
reasons for the existing peace process are to be found in domestic Israeli
developments, just as many of the constraints of its continuation in the
present and the future have to be understood against the background of what
is taking place in Israeli society and politics.
At the same time, the impact of external developments on Israeli society
has been nothing short of momentous. Israel has changed dramatically, and
by now it has reached a stage of development that would make it all but
unrecognizable to its founding fathers. Around the world it is still customary
to think of Israel in terms that have not stood the test of time, and within a
framework-often romantic and nostalgic-that has little to do with present-
day realities in the country.
By the time most of the articles in this volume were completed-June
1997-Israel had just entered the fiftieth year of its independent existence.
It celebrated the thirtieth anniversary of its most impressive victory, that of
the Six Day War in 1967, and it was looking back on a hundred years of
Zionism, the ideological force that is considered the national liberation
movement of the Jewish people.
Even in purely quantitative terms, Israel is not always what it has
traditionally appeared to be. While we are used to thinking about it as a small
country, its population (5.8 million and growing rapidly by both immigration
and a relatively high rate of natural increase) is larger than that of Ireland,
New Zealand, Norway, or Finland. Its gross domestic product per capita-a
good indicator of prosperity and standards of living-is the sixteenth largest
in the world, putting it in a category with the advanced industrial countries
of Western Europe. It has the second-largest number of cellular phones per
capita in the world, and its citizens use their mobile phones for more minutes
per capita than the citizens of any other country around the globe. In many
additional statistical categories that indicate what is commonly referred to

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