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518 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 8 (1991)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0518 and id is 1 raw text is: PREFACE The Persian Gulf war has thrust regional conflict onto the consciousness of the post-Cold War world. For those used to seeing the Third World as a playground only for East-West rivalries, the conflict was a surprise. The rivalries were gone but the war was worse than ever. Rather than the end of history, the withdrawal of world communism from the global fray seemed to signal a new international disorder, where even the restraints and conven- tions of the bipolar system melted away before unbridled local rapacity. Whereas formerly, superpowers and their allies would restrain their clients or would help their clients restrain the clients of their rivals, the successive Iraqi adventures were undertaken in the belief that the aggressor could get away with them because the object of the attack-Khomeini's Iran, al-Sabah's Kuwait-could no longer call in superpower reinforcements. The counter- point had to be made, lengthily and ambiguously in the first case, brutally in the second. Both aspects of those experiences call for further discussion. How can we understand regional conflict in the Third World-where the stakes appear quite different from the historic clash of values behind the Cold War-in such a way that the conflicts can be reduced? What agencies, including cooperation between the former Cold War rivals, can promote peaceful management and settlement of such conflict? This collection of articles addresses those ques- tions. It does so through specific discussions of causes and resolution, and of mechanisms for management, with a section in between that examines six different instances of regional conflict from different points of analysis, to provide a case base for the discussion. The discussion is not only multiple in its approaches to the complex subject; it also seeks to provide the maximum diversity by involving analysts from many different national perspectives. Many of the chapters are written by Americans, but others are prepared by Soviets, and in addition there are British, Israeli, Lebanese, Egyptian, and Afghan authors. Some of the ana- lysts are or have been practitioners of foreign policy. Analysis cannot be contained within national boundaries, but neither can it avoid reflecting the location and experience of the author. The outcome of having a mix of nationalities can only be a richer discussion. The articles presented here are the result of two international research projects centered at the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of the Johns Hopkins University, one on conflict reduction in regional conflict, supported by the Carnegie Corporation, and the other on negotiating internal conflict, supported by the MacArthur Foundation. 8

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