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499 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 9 (1988)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0499 and id is 1 raw text is: ANNALS, AAPSS, 499, September 1988

Invitation to Struggle:
An Overview of
Legislative-Executive Relations
By ROGER H. DAVIDSON
ABSTRACT: The U.S. Constitution's central structural dilemma is the
relationship between Congress and the president. The document itself
provides little guidance for the day-to-day conduct of these relations.
Although we commonly call the system separation of powers, it is really
an arrangement of separate institutions sharing functions. A basic spirit of
accommodation no doubt smooths policymaking, but the system's built-in
counterweights are useful in encouraging this accommodation and forcing
all the players to seek consensus. Divided government, in which the White
House and one or both houses of Congress are controlled by opposing
parties, has become more common in recent years. Although demanding
skilled leadership in both branches, this situation need not preclude
decisive and coherent policymaking. The most serious imbalance, not fully
anticipated by the Founders, consists of the so-called war powers: a huge
military establishment, unknown prior to World War II, gives the
president a sizable advantage in making decisions about taking the nation
to war. In such circumstances, how can we preserve the Founders' premise
that such decisions are best left in the hands of representative assemblies?
Roger H. Davidson is professor ofgovernment and politics at the University of Maryland,
College Park. He has served as professional staff member in Congress and as senior specialist
in American government and public administration at the Congressional Research Service.
He has been consultant to the White House and several national study commissions and was
elected to the National Academy of Public Administration. Dr. Davidson is author or
coauthor of more than 100 articles or books on Congress and national policymaking.

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