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492 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 9 (1987)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0492 and id is 1 raw text is: PREFACE

Social conditions have been changed profoundly since 1945, by technology and by
decolonization to take two prominent influences, but they stubbornly resist change in other
areas.'
A sad example of resistance to change has been the failure of the United Nations
to respond to the plague of global unemployment, underemployment, and job
insecurity. The organization and its members have not only underestimated the
magnitude of the problem. They have failed to piece together the many storm
warnings of future disaster: the debt crisis, austerity policies, new labor-displacing
technologies, enormous overcapacity in agriculture and industry, beggar-thy-
neighbor nationalism, self-centered regionalism, and recessions or depressions in
many economic sectors and geographical areas. They have ignored the complex
intertwinings that have brought capitalist, socialist, and developing countries
together into a mysterious world order that cannot be well enough understood
through the conventional concepts of classical, Marxist, Keynesian, or post-
Keynesian economics. In the light of the full employment pledges in the U.N.
Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International
Covenant on Economic and Social Rights, these failures are not merely sad. They
are tragic.
In 1984 the Friedrich Ebert Foundation invited the contributors to this volume
of The Annals to an unprecedented-and long overdue-conference, Global
Unemployment: Challenge to Policy-Makers. Since meeting in Bonn, we have
refined our findings and have produced this volume.
Our purpose is ambitious: to help initiate a process of overcoming the resistance
to change that has undermined earlier commitments to full employment. It is
therefore a challenge to top policymakers in both governments and transnational
agencies in all parts of the world.
It is also a challenge to many others-not only economists, but to all other social
scientists and to professionals, labor unions, business leaders, and the civil servants
of national governments and the U.N. family.
We are under no illusions about the difficulty of the task. This is made clear by
the tentative nature of many findings and suggestions and by the many aspects of
the problem that we have not had time or space to explore. We have had to omit
several papers presented at Bonn. Among them are papers by Rashmi Mayur of
Bombay, India, and Miguel Teubal of Buenos Aires, Argentina, on Third World
unemployment, and a paper on transnational politics prepared by Ralph Goldman,
who was the first to suggest the holding of our conference. Nor have we been able to
include the generational approach to unemployment as presented to us in a
preliminary paper by Ezio Tarantelli, head of the Institute for the Study of Labor
1. United Nations Secretariat, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Office for
Development Research and Policy Analysis, 1985 Report on the World Social Situation, E/ CN.51985/2
(1985).

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