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323 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. vii (1959)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0323 and id is 1 raw text is: FOREWORD The acceleration of interest and activity in the process of helping people help themselves is one of the most exciting developments in international affairs and holds out more promise for lasting solutions of many of the world's problems than do other more costly and dramatic programs. Technical co-operation, technical assistance, Point Four, the Expanded Program are various terms applied to the basic process of people aiding people. The co-operative exchange of scientific and technical knowledge and skill has been carried on in almost all of the fundamental fields of human activity: health, agriculture, education, public administration, industry, mining, fisheries, trans- portation, engineering, communication, community development, and so forth. The process of sharing has taken many forms. Oldest are the private programs conducted by religious agencies, foundations, and business firms. Public pro- grams have been both bilateral and multilateral. The Point Four program of the United States and the agreements entered into between Soviet bloc nations and certain less-developed countries are examples of the former. The multilateral approach encompasses the programs of international organizations, like the United Nations and its specialized agencies, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the International Monetary Fund, as well as regional pro- grams, such as those of the Organization of American States and the Colombo Plan for South and Southeast Asia. In addition, a number of programs have involved both public and private agencies, as in the case of the International Co-operation Administration-university contracts to provide assistance abroad, or a public agency in one country aiding a private organization in another. The motivation behind all technical co-operation efforts varies widely according to the sponsoring agency and the expressed needs of the recipient. Humanitarian objectives underlie most co-operative programs, but the motive seems to be especially prominent in the work of religious and private foundations. The desire to accomplish economic development pervades many of the multilateral programs while the enhancement df national interests, either directly or indirectly, dominates the bilateral programs. Elements of each motivation run through all programs. The accumulating experience with technical co-operation reveals that its success depends as much, perhaps more, on the effectiveness of its administration as it does on the worth-whileness of the objectives, the amount of money spent, the nature of the assisting agency, or the zeal of the recipient. With good reason administration has been called the slow boat in the convoy of technical co-operation. The critical importance of administration, first of all, is related to the serious shortage of the resources needed to acomplish long-run social and economic development. Money, materiel, and qualified personnel are never abundant; they are particularly scarce in this field. Administration, then, is vital because of the pressing need to make the most of resources and opportunities which are in short supply.' Futhermore, technical co-operation may have long-run consequences beyond or apart from the success or failure of the immediate project. This phenomenon 1Edwin A. Bock, Fifty Years of Technical Assistance (Chicago: Public Administration Clearing House, 1954), p. x. vii

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