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137 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. vii (1928)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0137 and id is 1 raw text is: FOREWORD THAT the development of standards in industry has been one of the most significant phases of the new industrial management has come to be known to even those who have but a passing knowledge of modern industrial con- ditions. Standards of product, of ma- terial, of equipment, and of perform- ance, have come to be the bases on which the manager of today erects much of the coirdination which dis- tinguishes the business of today from that of just a few years back. They also form the groundwork of many steps towards better industrial relations. Standards are base lines of manage- ment, without them individual com- panies and whole industries find operat- ing costs and attendant selling prices high, and with them the consumer shares in the accompanying prosper- ity. For the general reader, who has not had a knowledge of the manner in which standardization has permeated the very fabric of industry, this volume of The Annals should provide interest- ing insight into the methods and ex- tent of standardization. For those who have been giving their time and energy to standardization and simpli- fication, this volume should provide a measuring stick to gauge the progress that has been made. That there are limitations to the extent of standardi- zation is fully realized by all who have been associated in the work, and those articles which dwell on this phase should serve as a ready reference check on enthusiasms which carry a good cause to extremes. Three great groups have been carry- ing forward standardization work with- in the United States. The United States Department of Commerce and the Chamber of Commerce of the United States have coiperated in lead- ership in simplification of product. The American Engineering Standards Com- mittee, and its allied bodies, have led the development of materials and equip- ment standardization. The manage- ment societies have shared the leader- ship in equipment standardization, and have pointed the way to the de- velopment of performance standards in industry. Progress has been made in Canada and in Europe, and particu- lar conditions on the Pacific Coast of the United States have called for particular methods. The first part of this volume con- tains articles by the leaders who have brought about the work of these groups. In addition, it includes articles on the importance of standardization to the economic life of the country, the reactions of organized labor, and the contributions of particular groups to particular types of standards. The second part indicates the man- ner in which specific industries have approached their standardization problems, and the progress that has been made. Such varied industries as machine shops, electrical goods, printing, textiles, music, filing equip- ment, gas appliances, and railroads, have varied problems that indicate that different approaches must be made toward solution. Although the indus- tries which are included are only typi- cal of many others in which progress has been made, nevertheless, they will serve to show the diversity of the prob- lems which have been attacked and solved. The third part indicates the wide- spread interest in standardization out- side of industry. Although the stand- ardization programs outside of industry affect industry itself, the gains that vii

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