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![handle is hein.congrecreports/crptxnrx0001 and id is 1 raw text is: AUTHENTICATEO
U.S. GOVERNMENT
INFORMATION
Gp
Calendar No. 356
111TH CONGRESS REPORT
2d Session SENATE 111-173
REAUTHORIZING THE MARINE TURTLE CONSERVATION
ACT OF 2004, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
APRIL 26, 2010.-Ordered to be printed
Mrs. BOXER, from the Committee on Environment and Public
Works, submitted the following
REPORT
[To accompany H.R. 509]
[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]
The Committee on Environment and Public Works, to which was
referred a bill (H.R. 509) to reauthorize the Marine Turtle Con-
servation Act of 2004, and for other purposes, having considered
the same, reports favorably thereon without amendment and rec-
ommends that the bill do pass.
GENERAL STATEMENT AND BACKGROUND
Seven species of marine sea turtles currently inhabit the world's
oceans. All require tropical, subtropical and temperate oceanic
beaches for nesting. Six of the seven marine turtle species-green,
hawksbill, Kemp's Ridley, leatherback, loggerhead and olive rid-
ley-are listed in threatened categories by the World Conservation
Union and listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
Once abundant, marine turtle populations are a fraction of his-
toric levels. Marine turtles require many years to reach sexual ma-
turity (10-40 years), have complex life cycles, depend on oceanic
beaches for nesting, and have specific marine foraging habitats. As
a result, they are very vulnerable to exploitation and habitat deg-
radation. Major threats to theses species include legal or illegal
over-harvesting of eggs or meat, predation of eggs by natural pred-
ators as well as dogs and domestic hogs, pollution from coastal de-
velopment that disorients hatchlings and nesting females, replace-
ment of beach habitat with hard structures (e.g., riprap, sea walls,
and revetments), over-fishing in some countries, accidental capture
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