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The Foreign-Born Population and                                                                      0


Its Effects on the U.S. Economy and                                                   Congressional Budget Office
                                                                                Non-parlisar. Analysis for Vh  USL o rs

the Federal Budget-An Overview




The Foreign-Born Population

About 47 million people living in the United States in 2018 were born in other countries. Roughly
three-quarters of those people were here legally. They included naturalized citizens, lawful
permanent residents (who are also known as green-card holders), refugees, people who were
granted asylum, and people who were temporarily admitted for a specific purpose, such as
extended work or study. (The people accounted for in this document do not include visitors for
business or pleasure.) The remaining one-quarter, or about 11 million people, were here illegally,
having either remained here when their temporary legal status expired or crossed the border
illegally. For more than a decade, the number of people remaining when their temporary status
expired has exceeded the number crossing the border illegally, mostly because the number of
illegal border crossings has declined.



The U.S. Population, by Birthplace            Foreign-Born People, by Birthplace, 2018
Millions of People                                     Millions of People

350  - .Roughly equal numbers of foreign-born people in the United States hailed

300  -                                                    from Mexico and Central America, Asia, and the rest of the world.
                      Native-Born                             16.                                   -a
250 -16.0                                                                                  16.5     -Canada


200

150

100

50


  1998        2003       2008       2013       2018


The Age Distribution of Native-Born and Foreign-Born People, 2018
Percent
                                                                           The share of the population that was

                 Native-Born                              Foreign-Born     25 to 54 years old-the group with the
                                                                           highest rate of labor force participation-
60                                                                         was larger for foreign-born people than
                                                                           for native-born people.


40


20  .                                                                                Mexico and Central America
                                             0 -E                                  * Asia
                                                                                   * Rest of the World
       Under 25    25 to 54  55 or Older         Under 25   25 to 54   55 or Older


iwwxbo.gov I 0  @uscbo


Central
America




Mexico

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