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1 Ann E. Futrell, et al., CBO Describes Its Cost-Estimating Process 1 (April 18, 2023)

handle is hein.congrec/cbodsis0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 




























CB:O Describes Its Cost-Estimating Process

The Congressional Budget  Act of 1974, often called the Budget Act, established the House and Senate
Committees  on the Budget to set broad federal tax and spending policy. To support those committees in
carrying out their responsibilities, it also established the Congressional Budget Office and required CBO to
prepare estimates of the cost of legislation at certain points in the legislative process. Various provisions in
that act-primarily sections 202, 402, and 424-govern CBO's preparation of cost estimates.

Provisions in other budget laws-for example, section 257 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985-also contain instructions about how to project spending and revenues. In addition,
CBO's cost estimates are guided by precedent and rules that originated in budget resolutions, rules of the
House  or the Senate, and the 1967 Report of the President's Commission on Budget Concepts. Other rules
have been jointly developed by the House and Senate Budget Committees, the Office of Management
and Budget, and CBO.

CBO's cost estimates provide information that Members of Congress can use when considering how to
vote on legislation and that the Congress can use as it implements rules and procedures when consid-
ering legislation that would affect the federal budget. However, CBO's cost estimates are advisory only.
They can-but  need not-be  used to enforce budgetary rules or targets. Moreover, CBO does not enforce
budgetary rules; the Budget Committees do. And, in keeping with its mandate to provide objective, impar-
tial analyses, CBO never makes recommendations in its cost estimates or other products.

This document provides answers to questions that CBO is frequently asked about how it prepares cost
estimates. CBO's web page about cost estimates provides more information and access to completed
estimates. For an explanation of key terms used throughout this report, see Common Budgetary Terms
Explained; for detailed definitions, see CBO's Glossary.

Note: This document is one in a series of primers explaining various elements of CBO's work to support the budget process and to help the Congress make budget
and economic policy. It updates and supersedes How CBO Prepares Cost Estimates, published in February 2018. This and other primers in the series are available
on the agency's website at www.cbo.gov/topics/budget/budget-concepts-and-process.

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