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Federal Funding for Homeland Security: An Update 1 (July 2005)

handle is hein.congrec/cbo8317 and id is 1 raw text is: A series of issue summaries from the Congressional Budget Office JULY 20, 2005 Federal Funding for Homeland Security: An Update The terrorist attacks of September 11, 200 1, heightened Congressional and public interest in federal spending for homeland security. Funding for that purpose is divided among more than 200 appropriation accounts within the federal budget and involves many different functional areas of the government. Much of the funding resides within accounts that primarily finance programs not classified as homeland security activities. That accounting arrangement makes it difficult for budget analysts to identify and track homeland security spending. Current data on funding for homeland security are pro- vided in annual reports to the Congress by the Adminis- tration's Office of Management and Budget (0MB). On the basis of those reports, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that federal resources dedicated to homeland security will total $49.1 billion in 2005 nearly triple the amount allotted for that purpose before September 11. 1 For fiscal year 2006, the Administration has proposed a slight increase in homeland security fund- ing, to $49.7 billion (see Table 1).2 What Is Homeland Security? The executive branch has defined homeland security as ca concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur.3 The activities that make up that mission are divided into six categories: 0 Intelligence and warning-Includes efforts to detect threats and monitor potential sources of terrorism before attacks occur within the United States. Those 1 This brief updates estimates of homeland security spending origi- nally presented in Congressional Budget Office, Federal Funding for Homeland Security (April 2004), available at www.cbo.gov. 2. All years referred to in this brief are fiscal years. activities are carried out primarily by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). 0 Border and transportation security-Encompasses air- line security and inspection of cargo at points of entry into the United States to prevent unauthorized indi- viduals or weapons from entering the country. Those activities are performed primarily by DHS's Director- ate of Border and Transportation Security (BTS), which includes the Transportation Security Adminis- tration (TSA)-created in November 2001 in the wake of the terrorist attacks-the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). 0 Domestic counterterrorism-Consists largely of federal law-enforcement and investigative activities aimed at identifying and apprehending terrorists. Primary responsibility fur those operationls resides with tihe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), an arm of the Department of justice. 0 Protection of critical infrastructure and key assets-In- cludes ensuring the physical security of critical infra- structure (for example, bridges and power plants), national landmarks, and federal buildings and installa- tions. The Department of Defense (DoD) receives the largest share of funding for this purpose. 3. See Office of Homeland Security, The National Strategy for Home- land Security (July 2002), p. 2, available at www.whitehouse.gov/ homeland/book/index.html; Office of Management and Budget, 2003 Report to Congress on Combating Terrorism (September 2003), available at www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/ 2003 combat-terr.pdf; and Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2006- Analyti- cal Perspectives (Eebruary 2005), pp. 37-52, available at www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2005/pdf/spec.pdf.

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