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Options to Expand Federal Health, Retirement, and Education Activities 1 (June 2000)

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          OPTIONS TO EXPAND FEDERAL
             HEALTH, RETIREMENT, AND
                 EDUCATION ACTIVITIES


                                       June 2000


                                       NOTES
                     Unless otherwise indicated, all years referred to in this
                     report are fiscal years.
                     Numbers in the text and tables may not add up to totals
                     because of rounding.




                                     Preface

For nearly three decades, lawmakers fought persistent federal budget deficits. Over the past few
years, however, those deficits have disappeared and been replaced with large and growing surpluses.
The surprising speed with which those surpluses have emerged has caused a major shift in the public
and political debate over federal budget policy.

The budget debate is no longer dominated by initiatives to reduce the deficit; it now focuses on
various alternatives for using projected surpluses. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
men'orandum, which first appeared as Chapter I in CBO's March 2000 Budget Options volume,
examines a range of major policy initiatives for expanding the scope of federal activities in health,
retirement, and education. (In a few instances, it has been updated from the March 2000 version to
reflect revised cost estimates and changes in federal laws.)

The memorandum was prepared by the Health and Human Resources Division under the direction of
Joseph Antos. Sandra Christensen and Joseph Antos wrote the section on Medicare. Ralph Smith
prepared the section on Social Security. Joseph Antos, Jennifer Bullard, and Rekha Ramesh
collaborated on the discussion of health insurance coverage. Joseph Antos and Stuart Hagen wrote the
section on long-term care. Bruce Vavrichek, Michelle Jewett, and Nabeel Alsalam prepared the
section on education. Arlene Holen, Thomas Bradley, Paul Cullinan, Jeanne De Sa, Douglas Hamilton,
Steven Lieberman, Audra Millen, and Kathy Ruffing provided helpful comments and suggestions.

Sherry Snyder edited the memorandum, and Christine Bogusz proofread it. Ronald Moore prepared
earlier drafts, and Kathryn Quattrone prepared the memorandum for publication. Georgia Brown
prepared the electronic versions for CBO's World Wide Web site (www.cbo.gov).

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