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1 1 (March 29, 2023)

handle is hein.amenin/aeiaenv0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Key Points * Chinese influence in Latin Arnerica is growing. This poses a threat to vital U security interests in an underappreciated region. SThe Monroe Doctrine warned against allowing hostile great powers fresh entry into the Western Hemisphere. it remains a tirely warning 200 years later. n e Biden administration's Latin America policy is informed by liberal guilt over Cold War legacies rather than by any clear stategy to counteraro Chinese influence in the region. * he United States must renovate its Latin America policy in a way that takes seriously the expanding regional threat from China. .John Quincy Adams is well-known for articulating the principle that Aminca goes not abroad, in search of mnsnters to destroy Yet his vsion fOr US grand strategy s Charles Edel demonstrates convincigly in the aoo? Na tio Builder: John Quincy Adan and thr' Grone Strategy oft he Republic, was breathtaking y ambitous0 Adams imagined nothing less than half the planet free from great- power competition, The old World might be char- acterized by abalance of forces betwneen contending autocraies, he New World, in Adams's view, would be cldomnated by forms of popular self government led by the United States. Following this logic, the Monroe Doctrine---- authored primarily by Adam s in ,82 while secre- tary of state-----specified that the US would view any new European incursions into the Western Hemi- sphere as the manifestation of an unfriendly dis-- position toward the United States.3 Of course, America in the 182os possessed limited ability to enforce this doctrine. But Adams had laid down a marker of great importance. The pattern for the rest of the 19th century was that the Western Hemisphere, inciuding Latin Amer- ica, formed an arena for competition and influence among Europes major powers. The United King- dom led with its powerful navy, broad financial and conmercial interests, multiple colonies, and bases throughouut the region. France was widely influen- tial, taking advantage of opportunities including the US Civil War to expand a French presence into locations such as Mexico. The Spanish still controlled Cuba and Puerto Rico, clinging to an imperial leg- acy. And by the end of the century, a unified German empire began to assert its potential naval, economic, and diplomatic interests in Latin America. This multipolar great-power competition formed a crucial context for the assertion of US predomi- nance in the Caribbean hasin. beginning in the i89os and continuing thereafter. During this period, the United States built up a blue-water fleet, pried

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