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1 1 (November 2022)

handle is hein.amenin/aeiaemc0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Key Points
4 Chinese economic poicy is seen asincreasingly imponrt, iuding to global investors.
But trnsarency has not risen in tandem, and policy is frequently misinterpreted.
t Monetary data are a better ouide than official stmatemnts, whach are ofter empty. But
even the numbers can misiead, due to the People's Republic of China's size. Monetary
poiicy would have to change sharply to constitute effective stimulus.
On tne fisca, side, China faces long-term and largo structu: ral deficits due to an aging
population. These are less a boost to the present economy than a constraint on the future
economy.
4 Foreign reserves and capital controls continue to protect the renminbi from unwanted
instability. The cost is that renninbi internationalization remains nearly rmeaningless.

China's economnic polic yrnlaking receives far more
attention than it did .5-2o years ago. The obvious
reason is the country is more inportant to the
world. Also, its economy has struggled in various
ways since roughiy 2014, and announced policy
change in China is more frequent. Less obvious,
but important in the past few years, is that Chi-
nese companies have seen an influx of foreign
camtal,' and foreign analysts are now  much
more aggressive in touting supposedly meaningfl
cievelopments.
The additional attention has not translated to
additional insight. Instead, as with many assess-
ments of the People's Republic of China's (PRC
economic performance, observers tend to rely on
government claims or mpihcitly treat the economy
and financial system as simiar to those ot the US
or EU. Questionable analysis ranges from touting
pledged large-scale spending as effective stimulus

to anticipating a financial crisis to freuntly fore-
casting that the value of the renminbi is about to
plummet)
Better interpretation would be valuable. Beijing
vically iNsists contemporary indicators are sta-
ble, and those official measurements of real-worid
conditions can be less informative than policy
inplemn entation. Monetary and fiscal policy are the
PRC's primary management tools, and data per-
taning to them are more reliable than those for
economic outcomes. Beyond suggesting how the
country's economy is truly faring the two tools
bear on debt accumulation a crucial factor in long-
term growth3 Bank lending and value-added taxa-
tion are the key individual indicators for them.
With pro-market reform off the table for
35 years and counting,4 po'iy options are narrow.
China's impressive gross numbers  work for and
against it, as its economic. size now resists course

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