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1 1 (October 1, 2021)

handle is hein.amenin/aeiaedg0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Key Points & Over the cast :7 years- Congress has substarialy increased federal crop insurance subsidies and sht:ed dir.ect paiyme nts to farmers away from payments decoupled frorn current prices and yie ds toward countercy'cicar payments. Ad hoc disaster relief payrnerts Lo farmers ballooned in recent years in response to trade dsputes with Ch inj and the coronavrWS pndemic, arguably outweighing farm losses, but hee subidis may no, cortinue, The Joe Brden adminsrion is promtang paicy ;n itiaves to increase subsrdies recived by mirnOrities and sm-al AmRlY farners anid o and funding for conservation and greennouse as emis on--reduction pracices on farms. viewed initially as temporary relief aimed at helping farmers and rancliers in tie Great Depres-- sio, agricultural subsidies have come to be viewed as entitlenents by the farm sector, irrespective of whether ther is any pJbli pohicy jus .fieation for their existence. In addition, because subsidy pay- ments have largely been linked to produ on or area planted to crops, most henefits have flowed to the largest farnis, a feartre the farm hlb' has worked diligently to mairtain over the years., Beginning in Ehe eairis 1g0s, the focus of US agricultural policy broadened to address 'le con- cerns of environmental interest groups, but typi- cally in ways that also benefited farmersi That pattern has persisted into the 2.1st cntur;, and over the past 20 years, agricultural policies have continued to serve primarily the interests of farm orgaizations whose mernbers operate relatively large enterprises and en-vi-on ''ental and conser-- vaon lobbies' concerns abot soil, water quality, wildlife quality, and access to public lands. l oF`Tver, whle5 m.atiing the same i nderiving focus, US agricultural policy has teen anything but static. Federal initiatives have shifted away from support that is decoupled from current pro- duction and crop prices. instead, subsidies have shifted back to being linkd to prices and yields through revenue-based countercyclical subsidy programs. rurther, the coverage available under a plethora of heavily subsidized agricultural tnsur- ance initiatives has been increased. Congress has also expanded tne scope of conservation progranis, and most recently, between 2018 and 2021, there

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