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1 1 (April 22, 2021)

handle is hein.amenin/aeiadup0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Key Points & Quantum computing has vast potential in a broad range of fields, including national secur it. * he Unit-ci ttes taces crucia l securitv ul ner bilities if :ne of its adversaries achieves quanurn c mpx ting superiority before American cyber defenses are suffciently updated. In rec Et year , ovrnments arou nd the wl'i d have pledged nmoe than $20 bilion Lowar q anuin develc-pmenk with hina leading W n ui c firing by a ciecisive Building on its recenr establishe' NaL onal Quantum Initiaive, the US rnust safeguard its national securty nterests in quantum cor putig through eran ed risk awareness, strategic ternona coopera*ion, ano accelerated n'tvork securitization. Quantum compuEirg is a rapidly advancing field of computer science that harnesses the mind-bending dynamics of quaintum physics-----the behavi r of the universe's smallest particles-to produre comput- ers with vast tew' capabilites' The physics behind quantum compuing ar- mensely complex, al u ing quantum computers to store and interpret data in dynamic %qbirs rather than the bits' of convren- tional computers. Whereas bits are simple binary ones or zeros that-----when strung together millions at a time-direct a computer's processes, qubits are much more versatile and can represent a broad range of changing states, hncuding negative values, The upshot of this bit overhaul is processing power that is many orders of magnitude greater than anything possible with conventional computers, Given that quantum computing makes use of particles and relationships at the subatomic level, developing and operating quantumn computers is a delicate art-not least because many quantum computers reqnuire operating tem-tperatUres of approximately i m illikeins, which is colder than interstellar space. Despite the considerable chal- lenges of manipulating the universe's smallest par- tid'es for advaned inf. ormation processing, pro- gress toward more-advanced quantum computers is accelerating. In October 2019, for instance, Google claimed to have conducted a caleulation on a quantum computer in goo seconds that would have taken the 'a wrl 's mnost advanced conventionail supercompute' at the time about o,000 years-a milestone in quantum computer development.' Even with these advancements, though quan- tum computing remains in early stages of develop- ment. While initial successes intimate a field on the cusp of revolutionary achievements, the real- world applications and impact of cuantun tech- nologies are still largely unrealized. That said, national governments around the world are recog- nizing quantun technologies' extraordinary poten- tial for economic gro dh and national security interests, ingtiating a global competition for fur- ther quantum development. This report briefly examines that race's key elements from a national ANARYR __ SA½,

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