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1 1 (April 30, 2021)

handle is hein.amenin/aeiaduk0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Key Points * he Constitution pronotes consensus as an alternatie to sm pie maoritariansm in at least four ways; tot wich were hypothesized by James Madison and two by mder- ate nationaiists t the Constitutional Convention. Madisonian consensus is facilitated by the interpay of factions in an extanded republic, 'hafda qovcrnment' ch'vcks anL ' aancs proess' nSF mitor cuntering ambitionr- prevent c'angerus acc mulations of power. 'At -he ',osi-tional Conveti on, nationaists rorn the smal --ates encornaged the adoption f a federa syaen Lhat directly invlve states in rnari on' Tawmakng tihrouc the Senate. This facilitates consensus by broacGening the coa ition necessary to govern in Congress. SM'Ioderae na tionaisht also iited national authorty to stcty national issues, thereby reducing the ootentoi scope of political conflict and nakin, consensus eas er. In the second report in this series, I posited that consensus was the centrl prmise of the American system of government---- -s opposed to alternatives such as simple majoritaianisim or a government of mixed estates.1 Before review'E'g consensus' advantages and disadvantages, it is important to examinie how the Constitution forces Ftions in society to bargain with one another, Some of these are familiar to stu- de nts of American politics ont Jines Madison's explanations in the Pedoraois* Pp ers, His notion of the extended republic in theory secures consensus through The nation's size and diversity. Anerica would be too large for any s0gle gro p to dorm-- nate, forcing factions to find common ground, Madison theory ot checks and balances, dis- cussed in 'ed>erOlst 51, has a similar effect on the agents in government: The' Yill not be able to accumulate undue powers for themselves, because each can check the others. They will have to work together if they want to enact policies. Whil e Mivadi son forcefully advocated for consen- Sus, he was far FRm the i only one. Manv of Macli- son's opponents at the Constitutuonal Covent-on worried that hs poposals would not d enough to forge consensus in the political community, Their concerns are pary responsible for the federal nature of the Aneric n stem. Moderate nationalists from small states-----such as John Dickinson of Del- aware and Oliver Ell swort of Colnecticut- agreed with Madison that the national government had to trow more powerful. But they worried that Madison's idea of the extended republic would not prevent dangerous majorities frcom forming. Thus, ANANYO>0 \

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