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1 1 (February 24, 2021)

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By Kieran AtIsop, James C. Capretta, and  Sc:Att Canrz


February 2021


ThJ Ut can emerge from the depths of the C sD cr Sis in the cc)ming months if the federal
c.-ernment kads and executes an .,;ctive vaCC na1:on   tin i(n if; as appears to be
the case, Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants co not fully evade vaccin'-inducd irnmunity). The
limiing factors on the pace of po 2' or ,rot :ckin areh rnanufpctunng -apaity of the
apprVedVac  cines' sponsors, thee ftIcienoy of CdminiString avalae lostupply, and AreCans
w. iltnnesS   k- C he 'hots. A y.r dyvnarmics mnd el 2of vacie ia'ne    n' dt da.Iy vac-
cinatins is useful for estiating  whn imprtant objectiis miht be rt. Under a bas; case
si-enaro, fhe Uc culd reach  a target of 7 percent of the populat on arotec'ed by th nd of
U:Y, ssumng  nhree million shots per day can be sustain  ov'- s vral marnth and vaccine
hestancy rececs. TH e'xpacd arrival o' anotheraprv vaccinm (f't Jnon &S h nsan)
and tn e pssibilitv f a slowcr, or rnior aid, pace of dailv vaccina ions would aHler the o tlook
tn if ren. wrys.


In early December 2o0o, then--President--elect hoc
Eider set a goal of ad.n-inistrCing iaa  millicon
COVID-i9  vaccinations in his irst ioc clays in
Orice (reurers 2020). The pace achieved since he
made that commitment has rendered it obsolete.
The US adminmstered more than one million vac--
cinations for the first time on January .i, and the
rolling seven-lay average is now around i7 million
per day (Bloom berg 22).i
   While the steady uptick has been welcome, it is
below what is needed for a return to near nor-
nalcy before the 2021--22 school year. Public heah
experts estirnae that bctwee-n a and 85 percent of
the population needs to be vaccinated to achieve


herd immunity. While that target may be out of
reach because of vaccination hesitancy, it is cer-
tain to be unattainable without an acceleration in
tne pace of daily shots. With the current rate of
vaccination (i7 nillion per day), the US would
reach 246 million people vaccinated (with two
doses)-or 75 percent of the total population.-in
late November.
   There are two constraints holding sack a more
effective rollout, The first is, of course, the scale of
man  facuring approved vaccines. The second is
the efficiency of using available supply and getting
shots in arn}s. Both need to improve for the coun-
try to move quickly out of the acute phase of the


Modeling Protection from COVID-19

Based on Vaccine Administration Rates

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