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![handle is hein.amenin/aeiacxx0001 and id is 1 raw text is:
Key Points
,hfThe United ats can apply lessons Rom Cold War- poiical --the employrreTut
or all means .ot of wr to achieve national objectives ----to modrn competitio n vith.
China and Russia.
Po litical va-faie otf;- rs di -rse policy optiors that can eithei sioI, e nt or -oi rniiita '
action a A carn be a ppled to minimaIist and a-xi raii, a-d offe nsive a nc di efensive strat-
egies.
Pot ttical & as re atively io,- 0ot makes it an attractive option fr po:In ;akes and
states operating- L'nder budget, cornstrai;]ts.
An uindstI ainding e: political avvIre is essental to succeed in the intellectua, as well as
geopolitical, seOts o mdern grnat-power conerition.
Political ,varfare is the next big thhig m. U S foreign
policy. For years, America's aurhori.arian rivals
have waged aggressive political xwarfare campaigns
against the UIted States and its allies China and
Russia are using cyherattacks, economic coercion,
dis intormntio, electionn mdlig, and other tac-
ties to disrupt and destabilize the political systems
of Arnerica and other guardians of the imerna-
tional order As a result warnings about the need
to defend more vigorously against autho ritarian
poli..al warfare have growna louder. Calls have also
emerged for the tinUned States to go on the off,,.-
sive, waiig political vvarfarc against China and
Russia ,-st as they wage political warfare against
tie US'
The possibility of actively waging political war-
fare against( China and Russia is a higi-stakes issuc.
it demands as much analytical clarity as the national
sceurir eomniun n , e-n. muster. 'et if politica
warfare is an idea -whose tine has come, it is also
an idea thatl reiains vua ard unspecified. A-nialysts
often use the tern without adequately defintg it,
Frequently lost in discussions of political tar-.
fare is just how many forms it can take and liow
many crucial dimensions there are along which it
can var.; This is pioblen.ric because it leads to
incomplete or superficial policy debates. 'Put dif-
ferently, if the idea of waging political warfare
against China and Russia is on the table, American
sirategists must fully grasp what that emails.
Here histor-7 can. be useful. During the Cold
War, poli tical e.arairc was a way of life for the
United S'atcs. At two key imoments during the
Cold War, the United States undertook concert:ed
poltical warfare campaigns meant to soS instabil-
ity, division, am34rd xweakness in the Soviet emnpire in
}nster3n }urope--and even in rte Soviet Uniotn.
itself, One such campaign carne during the first
decade of the super)over struggle, berwcen 1947
and the Hungarian Revolution in 1956; the other
N' . T --J i-.-](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.amenin/aeiacxx0001&div=1&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)