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1 [i] (April 2019)

handle is hein.amenin/aeiactz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 

                                                                             A/MERICAN

                                                                             INSTITUTE












Questions for the Record


K A T HERINE  Z  MMNANE R MA N







From   Representative Steve Watkins

   1.  My question is for Katherine Zimmerman, thank you for being here today, based on your
       research, what would you say is the true motive for Iran backing the Houthis, what are
       they gaining from this partnership? How can we and our allies best exert leverage to end
       or at least diminish support for the Houthis?

             Iran's support for the al Houthi movement in Yemen is part of its effort to expand
             its regional influence through the cultivation of what the Iranians call the Axis of
             Resistance. The Axis of Resistance is an informal Iranian-led alliance of state and
             non-state actors generally opposed to Western and Israeli influence in the Middle
             East, including America's Arab partners. Members include Iran, Syria, Lebanese
             Hezbollah, and some Iraqi Shia militias. Iranian officials now list the al Houthi
             movement  among  other partners, and al Houthi delegations have met regularly
             with others within the Axis of Resistance. Iran leverages this alliance to pursue its
             regional objectives, which include expelling the United States from the Middle
             East and establishing Iranian regional hegemony.

             A limited Iranian investment in Yemen has yielded outsized influence on the
             Arabian Peninsula and in the Red Sea for Iran. Iran has provided the al Houthis with
             media, political, diplomatic, materiel, and humanitarian support. Critically, Iran
             has transferred asymmetric military capabilities to the al Houthis that have enabled
             them to threaten Riyadh and possibly Abu Dhabi, as well as to disrupt commercial
             naval traffic in the Red Sea. Iran has also built indigenous capacity within Yemen to
             produce  improvised explosive devices (lED) that may very likely challenge Yemeni

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