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1 [i] (1985)

handle is hein.amenin/aeiabvq0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Protection is not just a threat to standards of living. In the present essay the late Dr. Jan Tumlir points out correctly that much modern protection involves covert assistance to industry, granted at the whim of the executive. Such policies are consti- tutionally subversive, rendering impossible informed discussion of decisions to tax and spend, which should occur in a democratic country. MARTIN WOLF, director of studies, Trade Policy Research Center, London Protectionism Trade Policy in Democratic Societies Jan Tumlir Should international trade be organized by governments, or should it be left to the interplay of markets? If it is managed, who should manage it? And in whose interests? For the past four decades, despite policy lapses, the United States has favored leaving trade to market forces. The author's survey of the contemporary scene, however, finds the greater part of world commerce subject to inter- vention and control. Although economic forces have been crucial in the development of recent protectionist trends, the nature of policy making in democratic societies has played a vital role. In the United States, changes in the powers and in the roles of the administration and Congress have had a lasting effect on trade relations. These issues have implications not only for economic growth and stability but for the preservation of constitu- tional processes as well. At issue, according to the author, are the future of the world trading system and the conduct of economic policy in democratic societies. Jan Tumlir was director of economic research and analysis for the United Nations secretariat of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. US $12.00 ISBN 13 978- 0-8447-3594-8 ISBN-10 0-8447-3594 9 1 5 1200 1 7084 73594.8 11

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