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Case Citations [1] (July 2019 - April 2020)

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                                      TRUSTS 2D



Generally

Ct.Fed.Cl.2019. Cit. generally in case cit. in disc. Native American tribes brought a lawsuit against the
United States, alleging that defendant breached its fiduciary duty as trustee of tribal trusts. This court
entered judgment for plaintiffs, holding, inter alia, that defendant acted imprudently during certain
periods when it served as trustee. The court explained that, although defendant's duty was imposed by
statutes, common-law sources such as the Restatement Second of Trusts defined the contours of that
duty. Western Shoshone  Identifiable Group by Yomba Shoshone  Tribe v. United States, 143 Fed.Cl.
545, 607.

Cal.App.2019.  Cit. generally in case quot. in ftn. In a dispute between trustee of decedent's life-
insurance trust and named beneficiaries of decedent's life-insurance policy, this court relied on the
Restatement Third of Trusts in holding that the policy irrevocably became trust property upon
decedent's execution of the trust document, given the irrevocable nature of the trust and its language
demonstrating his intent to immediately transfer ownership of the policy to trustee. In making its
decision, the court noted that California trust law was derived from the Restatement Second of Trusts,
which had been superseded by the Restatement Third of Trusts, and that California courts accordingly
looked to the Restatement Third of Trusts for guidance. Dudek v. Dudek, 246 Cal.Rptr.3d 27, 34.



                       CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS AND DISTINCTIONS

                                     TOPIC   1. DEFINITIONS

§ 2. Definition of Trust

D.Md.Bkrtcy.Ct.2019.   Cit. in case cit. in ftn. (general cite). Creditor brought an adversary proceeding
against Chapter 7 debtor, alleging, inter alia, that debtor's debt owed to creditor was nondischargeable
under the Bankruptcy Code, because debtor had violated her fiduciary duties as a trustee when her
company-which had entered into   a subcontract with creditor-withheld monies owed  to creditor. This
court granted in part debtor's motion to dismiss, holding that state statutes did not create an express or
technical trust for the purposes of federal bankruptcy law when a contractor entered into an agreement
with a subcontractor. The court agreed with Restatement Second of Trusts § 2 and Restatement Third of
Trusts § 7 in noting that using the term implied trust to refer to both resulting trusts and constructive
trusts was misleading and should no longer be used. In re Vito, 598 B.R. 809, 820.

W.D.Pa.Bkrtcy.Ct.2019.   Cit. in case cit. in disc. In Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings for a family
trust that was involved in an underlying litigation over the ownership of intellectual property rights to a
fictional comic-book character, this court granted motions to dismiss filed by opposing parties in the
underlying litigation, holding that the trust was not a business trust that was eligible for reorganization
under the Bankruptcy Code, but rather, an ordinary non-business trust. In making its decision, the court
noted that, under Restatement Second of Trusts § 2, traditionally, an ordinary trust was not considered a

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