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50 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 1343 (2013)
Perjury

handle is hein.journals/amcrimlr50 and id is 1387 raw text is: PERJURY
I.  INTRODUCTION  .......................................        1343
A. Section 1621: False Testimony Generally ............... 1345
B. Section 1623: False Testimony to Court or Grand Jury ..... 1346
C. Section 1622: Subornation of Perjury .................. 1347
II.  ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE ..............................       1348
A .  O ath  ..........................................        1348
B .  Intent  .........................................       1349
1. Section 1621: Willfulness and Knowledge of Falsity .... 1349
2. Section 1623: Knowledge of Falsity ................ 1350
C .  F alsity  ........................................      1351
D .  M ateriality  .....................................      1355
E. Key Distinctions between §§ 1621 and 1623 ............. 1358
1.  Two-Witness Rule  .............................      1359
2.  Use of False Material ..........................     1361
3.  Inconsistent Declarations  .......................   1361
III.  D EFENSES  ..........................................        1362
A.  Recantation  .....................................        1362
1.  Section  1621  .................................     1362
2.  Section  1623  .................................     1363
B.  Assistance of Counsel  .............................     1364
C.  Double Jeopardy .................................        1364
D .  Perjury  Trap  ....................................      1365
E.  Fifth Amendment .................................        1366
IV. SENTENCING         ........................................1367
I. INTRODUCTION
Perjury can subvert the fair administration of justice and the proper function of
government. Every branch and level of government relies upon sworn testimony.
Therefore, the integrity of governmental processes depends in large part on the
truthfulness of statements made under oath.' In an effort to free courts of the
1. See ABF Freight Sys., Inc. v. NLRB, 510 U.S. 317, 323 (1994) (False testimony in a formal proceeding is
intolerable. We must neither reward nor condone such a 'flagrant affront' to the truth-seeking function of
adversary proceedings. (quoting United States v. Mandujano, 425 U.S. 564, 576-577 (1976))); United States v.
Norris, 217 F.3d 262, 274 (5th Cir. 2000) (Perjury... is a serious offense that results in incalculable harm to
the... integrity of the legal system as well as to private individuals. (quoting United States v. Holland, 22 F.3d
1040, 1047 (11 th Cir. 1994))).

1343

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