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53 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 1225 (2016)
False Statements and False Claims

handle is hein.journals/amcrimlr53 and id is 1242 raw text is: FALSE STATEMENTS AND FALSE CLAIMS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................... II. FALSE STATEMENTS ........................... A. Elements of a § 1001 Offense ................ 1. Statements or Concealments ............. 2. F alsity ............................. 3. Intent .............................. 4. M ateriality .......................... 5. Jurisdiction .......................... B. Section 1001 Defenses ..................... 1. Exculpatory No...................... 2. A m biguity ........................... 3. Double Jeopardy ...................... 4. Other Defenses ....................... C. Sentencing Under § 1001 ................... III. FALSE CLAIMS ............................... A. Elements of a § 287 Offense ................. 1. Presentation of a Claim ................. 2. False, Fictitious, or Fraudulent Claims ..... 3. Knowledge .......................... B. Section 287 Defenses ...................... 1. Intent-Based Defenses .................. 2. Double Jeopardy ...................... C. Section 287 Enforcement ................... 1. Enforcement Provisions ................. 2. Sentencing .......................... D. Civil Prosecutions under 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-3733. ........ 1225 ........ 1227 ........ 1229 ........ 1229 ........ 1231 ........ 1233 ........ 1234 ........ 1234 ........ 1236 ........ 1236 ........ 1238 ........ 1239 ........ 1240 ........ 1242 ........ 1243 ........ 1246 ........ 1246 ........ 1248 ........ 1249 ........ 1250 ........ 1250 ........ 1251 ........ 1252 ........ 1252 ........ 1253 ........ 1255 I. INTRODUCTION Sections 1001 and 287 of Title 18 of the U.S. Code make it a crime to (i) knowingly and willfully make a false statement in any matter within the jurisdic- tion of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States' and to (ii) knowingly make a false claim upon or against the United States or to any department or agency thereof,2 respectively. In addition, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-3733 provide for the civil prosecution of false claims.3 The two criminal 1. 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (2012). 2. 18 U.S.C. § 287 (2012). 3. 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729 3733 (2012). The Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 amended the civilFalse Claims Act in a number of significant ways. See Pub. L. No. 111-21, 123 Stat. 1617 (2009). For a thorough 1225

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