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8 Brown J. World Aff. 97 (2001-2002)
Missing the Target: Assessing Social Expenditures in Brazil

handle is hein.journals/brownjwa8 and id is 317 raw text is: Missing the Target: Assessing Social Expenditures in Brazil JOSE MARCIO CAMARGO AND FRANCIsco H.G. FERREIRA Department of Economics Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro T his paper provides a summary assessment of a number of government policies and programs that are either specifically designed to reduce poverty, or have a direct bearing on current or future social welfare in Brazil, drawing on a detailed household survey fielded in 1996-7. A brief discus- sion of the Comunidade Soliddria Programme is followed by an analysis of the coverage and targeting performance of mainstream programs in the areas of edu- cation, health, social security and other transfers. Our main finding is that one- fifth of the Brazilian population lives in indigence, and that this figure does not represent a substantial improvement from two decades ago. The highly regressive pattern of incidence of social expenditures, which on the whole are dispropor- tionately appropriated by the middle-classes and the rich, is partially responsible for the failure to reduce poverty significantly. Introduction With an income per capita level of just over $6,000 per year, measured at pur- chasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates, Brazil is a middle-income country, ranked eighty-first in the World Bank's per capita GDP tables.' In terms of in- come inequality, however, its international position is sadly prominent. Year after year, the World Bank's tables consistently rank Brazil among the three most un- equal countries in its distribution of wealth in the world. Winter 2002 - Volume VIII, Issue 2

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