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13 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 931 (1984-1985)
To Control Gentrification: Anti-Displacement Zoning and Planning for Stable Residential Districts

handle is hein.journals/nyuls13 and id is 941 raw text is: TO CONTROL GENTRIFICATION: ANTI- DISPLACEMENT ZONING AND PLANNING FOR STABLE RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS PETER MARCUSE* INTRODUCTION Displacement from home and neighborhood can be a shattering experi- ence. At worst it leads to homelessness, at best it impairs a sense of commu- nity. Public policy should, by general agreement, minimize displacement. Yet a variety of public policies, particularly those concerned with gentrification, seem to foster it. Section I of this paper provides a very brief account of the nature and causes of gentrification and displacement including their relationship to aban- donment.' This section also examines public decision making and illustrates the range of public decisions that are made in the absence of any comprehen- sive and explicit policy for dealing with displacement. Section II argues the need for a comprehensive and planned approach to the problem. Section III proposes one broad way to implement a policy to combat displacement: Residential Stability or Anti-displacement Zoning, in the form of a set of floating zones, which may be used in various areas threatened by displacement in accordance with their specific local needs but which are part of a city-wide policy to minimize displacement. Section IV catalogues a variety of other measures that might be used, separately or to- gether, to implement an anti-displacement goal. The focus throughout is on the possibilities for municipal action, an unfortunate limitation, perhaps, but one consistent with current political realities. A Model Anti-displacement Residential Stability Zoning Ordinance is set forth in the Appendix. I THE PROBLEM The problem of displacement in New York City is severe. Displacement occurs at both ends of the spectrum of spatial change in the city: abandon- ment and gentrification. There is reason to believe that as many as 140,000 Copyright © 1985 by Peter Marcuse. * Professor of Urban Planning, Columbia University. B.A., Harvard College, 1948; .D., Yale Law School, 1952; M.A., Columbia College, 1963; MJ.S., Yale University, 1969; Ph.D., University of California at Berkeley, 1973. 1. A more theoretical discussion may be found in Marcuse, Gentrification, Abandonment, and Displacement: Their Linkages in New York City, 28 Wash. UJ. Urb. & Contemp. L 195 (1985). 931 Imaged with the Permission of N.Y.U. Review of Law and Social Change

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