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16 Geo. J. Int'l Aff. 6 (2015)
Peacekeeping, Peace Enforcement, and UN Reform

handle is hein.journals/geojaf16 and id is 254 raw text is: Peacekeeping, Peace Enforcement, and UN Reform Lise Morje Howard The United Nations has the largest deployed force in the world today. More than ilo,ooo UN peacekeepers are charged with keeping the peace in 16 operations across the globe. In both scholarly work and in American public opin- ion, UN peacekeeping has been assessed as largely successful.' Peacekeepers have patrolled borders to prevent states from going back to war, and they have helped to knit many coun- tries back together after civil war. In a very few but horrific and memorable instances, UN peacekeepers failed miser- ably to implement their mandates (in Somalia, Rwanda, and during the genocide in Srebrenica, Bosnia-Herzegovina). As a result of those failures, peacekeepers have been granted more robust peace enforcement mandates to protect civil- ians. However, in far more but less-noted places-Namibia, El Salvador, Mozambique, Cambodia, Croatia (Eastern Slavonia), Timor Leste, Burundi, and Sierra Leone-peace- keepers have successfully implemented complex mandates, without using force, even when faced with armed resistance. These countries are not uniformly model democracies today, but full-scale civil war has not returned, and all of them have benefitted from the deployment of large, multidimensional UN peacekeeping operations that have helped to implement Lise Morj6 Howard is an Associate Professor in the Depart- ment of Government at Georgetown University. She has also served as a Jennings Randolph Senior Fellow at the U.S. Institute of Peace. Howard was the founding director of the Master of Arts Program in Conflict Resolution at Georgetown University, and has published exten- sively on UN peacekeeping operations. [6]

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