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15 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 765 (2010)
What Makes Merit Selection Different

handle is hein.journals/rwulr15 and id is 773 raw text is: What Makes Merit Selection Different? Rachel Paine Caufield, Ph.D.* INTRODUCTION The framers of the American Constitution were clear in their intent that the judicial branch should be free from political influence. As Alexander Hamilton noted in Federalist No. 78, good judges are few, and every care should to be taken to guarantee that those who are best qualified will be appointed.' Once appointed, they must be independent from politics, insulated from both partisan influence and the public mood, free from the damaging effects of political retribution.2 Although the federal judiciary continues to exemplify many of these fundamental ideals,3 states continue to debate these principles. At the core of the debate is the fundamental notion of the importance of the judge within a democratic system of justice. Writing in 1922, Benjamin Cardozo noted that there is no guarantee of justice . .. except the personality of the judge.4 The heart and soul of any justice system is the judge, the impartial arbiter who weighs competing arguments in the quest to * Associate Professor, Drake University Department of Politics and International Relations; Research Fellow, Elmo B. Hunter Citizens Center for Judicial Selection, The American Judicature Society. 1. THE FEDERALIST No. 78 (Alexander Hamilton). 2. Id. 3. The federal judicial selection process has, throughout U.S. history, been inherently and unabashedly political. For an excellent discussion, see JOHN ANTHONY MALTESE, THE SELLING OF SUPREME COURT NOMINEES (The Johns Hopkins University Press 1998). While the process of selection may be political, however, Article III judges in the federal system still retain tenure for good behavior, as well as protection from declining salaries. This ensures that, once seated, individual judges maintain decisional independence. 4. BENJAMIN CARDOZO, THE NATURE OF THE JUDICIAL PROCESS 16-17 (Yale University Press 1922). 765

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