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13 Cardozo Arts & Ent. L.J. 345 (1994-1995)
Copyright Law and Social Dialogue on the Information Superhighway: The Case against Copyright Liability of Bulletin Board Operators

handle is hein.journals/caelj13 and id is 355 raw text is: COPYRIGHT LAW AND SOCIAL DIALOGUE ON THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY: THE CASE AGAINST COPYRIGHT LIABILITY OF BULLETIN BOARD OPERATORS NIVA ELKIN-KOREN* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .......................................... 346 II. THE CASE LAW APPROACH TO COMPUTERIZED BULLETIN B OARDS ................................................. 350 A. Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena ................. 350 1. Infringing the Right of Public Distribution .... 351 a. Unauthorized Copying ..................... 352 b. Distribution ................................ 355 2. Infringing the Right of Public Display ......... 357 B. Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Maphia ................... 362 1. Infringement by Subscribers and Fair Use ..... 365 a. The Analysis of the Court .................. 365 b. The Proper Focus of Fair Use .............. 367 c. Fair Use Applied to Users .................. 369 2. Contributory Liability .......................... 372 a. Grounds of Liability ........................ 372 b. The Ability and Right to Monitor the Infringing Use ............................. 376 III. CONCEPTUAL DIFFICULTIES ............................... 380 A. Copies, Copying and Fixation ........................ 381 1. Digitization and the Notion of Copy........ 381 2. The Notion of Copy and Copyright Policy... 383 B. Distribution and Access .............................. 387 C. Digitization and the Public/Private Distinction ........ 390 1. Public, Private, and Copyright Law ............ 391 2. Public/Private Dichotomy Challenged ......... 394 3. The Public and the Digitized ................ 397 IV. REPRODUCING CENTRALIZED STRUCTURES OF SOCIAL D IALOGUE ............................................... 399 * LL.B 1989, Tel Aviv University; LL.M 1991, Harvard Law School; S.J.D candidate, Stanford Law School. I am deeply grateful to Yochai Benkler for his insightful comments and generous support. I am also grateful to Ockie DupperJody Freeman, Paul Goldstein, Wendy Gordon, Jonathan Joffee, Brian Kahin, Guy Mundluk, and Neil Netanel, for their valuable comments on an earlier version of this article. 345

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