Multilateral Cooperation to Combat Corruption: Normative Regimes Despite Mixed Motives and Diverse Values
![handle is hein.journals/cintl33 and id is 739 raw text is: Multilateral Cooperation to Combat
Corruption: Normative Regimes
Despite Mixed Motives and
Diverse Values
Duane Windsor*
Kathleen A. Getz**
Introduction ..................................................... 731
I. Evolution of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ............ 742
II. Some Empirical Evidence ................................. 748
A. The Incidence of Corruption .......................... 751
B. The Effects of Corruption on Political Institutions and
Civil Society .......................................... 756
C. The Economic Consequences of Corruption ........... 757
D. Economic Losses Suffered by the United States Due to
the FCPA ............................................. 760
III. Evolution of a Multilateral Normative Regime ............. 762
Conclusion ...................................................... 771
Introduction
In 1977, Congress passed the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977
FCPA or the Act), which criminalized business bribery of foreign public
officials by both securities issuers and domestic concerns. For purposes of
implementing the prohibitions against business corruption contained in
the Act, the 1977 FCPA also imposed substantial accounting and internal-
control requirements on securities issuers. Congress substantially
amended the 1977 FCPA in 1988 to include a provision requiring the Presi-
dent to seek international cooperation in suppressing such business brib-
ery. Multilateral anti-corruption conventions followed after a marked lag.'
* Lynette S. Autrey Professor of Management at the Jesse H.Jones Graduate School
of Management, Rice University; Ph.D., Harvard University, 1978; A-M., Harvard
University, 1975; B.A., Rice University, 1969.
** Associate Professor and Chair of the Management Department at the Kogod
School of Business, American University; Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh, 1991; M.B.A.,
Gannon University, 1986; B.S., Pennsylvania State University, 1980.
1. In addition to the United States, Transparency International (TI) and the Interna-
tional Chamber of Commerce (ICC) played a major role in motivating the multilateral
initiatives. For more information on TI, consult their website at <http://www.trans-
parency.org> [hereinafter TI website]. The ICC's website is <http://www.iccwbo.org>.
33 CORNELL Irr'I. LJ. 731 (2000)](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/cintl33&div=29&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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Multilateral Cooperation to Combat Corruption: Normative Regimes Despite Mixed Motives and Diverse Values
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