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13 Colo. Tech. L.J. 203 (2015)
Algorithmic Harms beyond Facebook and Google: Emergent Challenges of Computational Agency

handle is hein.journals/jtelhtel13 and id is 227 raw text is: ALGORITHMIC HARMS BEYOND FACEBOOK AND GOOGLE: EMERGENT CHALLENGES OF COMPUTATIONAL AGENCY ZEYNEP TUFEKCI* IN T R O D U CT IO N .......................................................................................................... 2 0 3 I. GATEKEEPER ALGORITHMS: THE CASE FOR CONCERN AND C H A LLEN G ES ................................................................................................. 2 0 6 A. Algorithmic Harms: Lack of Visibility, Information Asymmetry, and Hidden Influence ............................................ 207 B. When Big Data Reveals More Than Was Disclosed: Computational Violations of Privacy ....................................... 209 II. ALGORITHMIC HARMS THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL AGENCY: Two C A SE ST U D IES ............................................................................................... 2 1 3 A. Algorithmic Harms: Social Movements and the Civic S p h e re ................................................................................................... 2 1 3 B. Elections And Algorithmic Harms ........................................... 215 C O N C LU SIO N ............................................................................................................... 2 1 6 INTRODUCTION In June of 2014, experiments performed on Facebook users without their knowledge-a previously little-known topic-became big news, garnering enormous coverage nationally and internation- ally. The furor was sparked by a study published in the prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences (PNAS). Face- book's researchers had, according to their abstract, confirmed that they had shown experimental evidence for massive-scale contagion via social networks by reducing the number of positive or negative posts shown to Facebook users by experimentally manipulating us- ers' algorithmically curated News Feed.1 Facebook employee Adam D.I. Kramer was the first author; the other authors were academics- *Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina-School of Information & Library Sciences. 1. Adam D.I. Kramer, Jamie E. Guillory & Jeffery T. Hancock, Experimental Evidence of Massive Scale Emotional Contagion Through Social Networks, 111 PROC. NAT'L ACAD. SCI 24, 8788-90 (2014), http://www.pnas.org/content/111/24/8788.full.pdf.+html. 203

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