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21 Va. J. Soc. Pol'y & L. 341 (2014)
MS-13 and Domestic Juvenile Sex Trafficking: Causes, Correlates, and Solutions

handle is hein.journals/vajsplw21 and id is 349 raw text is: MS-13 AND DOMESTIC JUVENILE SEX TRAFFICKING: CAUSES, CORRELATES, AND SOLUTIONS K. Elysse Stolpe* ABSTRACT Since 2008, the brutal Central American gang MS-13 has perpetrated numerous juvenile sex trafficking schemes throughout the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Investigation and prosecution of these cases is challenging due to MS-13 & reputation for violence and the unique vulnerabilities of their victims, who are generally runaway girls as young as twelve years old. By facilitating interagency collaboration, improving law enforcement training, and integrating victim services non-governmental organizations (NGOs), federally funded human trafficking task forces are the most promising mechanism for combatting MS-13 juvenile sex trafficking, and human trafficking in general. CONTENTS Abstract............... ......................... ......341 I. MS-13 and Juvenile Sex Trafficking in Northern Virginia ...............344 A. History of MS-13 ........................... .........344 B. MS-13 Spreads to Washington, D.C. and Virginia.......................347 C. MS-13 and Juvenile Sex Trafficking in Virginia..........................348 D. Juvenile Sex Trafficking Risk Factors and Vulnerabilities..........349 i. General Domestic Juvenile Sex Trafficking Risk Factors.........349 ii. Gang-Based Sex Trafficking Risk Factors ........ .........351 E. How MS-13 Engages in Domestic Juvenile Sex Trafficking.......353 i. MS-13 Preys on Vulnerable Victims ....................353 ii. MS-13's Reputation and Violence Facilitate Juvenile Sex Trafficking ........................... ..........354 II. Strategies for Combatting MS-13 Domestic Juvenile Sex Trafficking .............................................357 A. Federal Statutory Response to Domestic Juvenile Trafficking... .358 B. Problems with and Limitations of the Federal Response to Human Trafficking........................... ..........361 J.D. Candidate, 2014, University of Virginia School of Law. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. John Monahan, for encouraging me to publish this article and for providing invaluable guidance throughout the research and writing process. Thank you to Jacob Hasler and Maggie Sullivan of the Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law for their keen edits. Finally, I owe a debt of gratitude to the Criminal Division of the United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Virginia in Alexandria, Virginia, especially for the opportunity to work as an intern during the summer of 2012. The prosecutors in this office are dedicated to combatting juvenile sex trafficking in Northern Virginia, and their tenacity inspired me to write this Note.

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