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1 Pavel Podvig, Transparency in Nuclear Disarmament 1 (2012)

handle is hein.unl/tranudi0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Transparency in Nuclear Disarmament Pavel Podvig Programme Lead, Weapons of Mass Destruction UNIDIR Nuclear disarmament is one of the most important issues on the international security agenda. The commitment of nuclear-weapon states to pursue disarmament is an integral part of the international community's efforts to strengthen international security, prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons and confront the threat of nuclear terrorism. The vision of a nuclear-weapon-free world has been endorsed by the leadership of key nuclear-weapon states, led by the United States, and supported by many experts and politicians, and the public. Nuclear-weapon states have made substantial progress in reducing their nuclear arsenals-it is estimated that the number of nuclear weapons has been reduced to about 18,000 from its peak of more than 70,000 warheads in 1986.' These reductions also brought significant advances in the openness of nuclear-weapon states about their nuclear arsenals. At the same time, it is clear that nuclear arsenals could be reduced even further and that progress in nuclear disarmament will be impossible without greater transparency and measures that will ensure verifiability and irreversibility of the reductions. The action plan on nuclear disarmament adopted by the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference in 2010 recognizes the importance of transparency in achieving deeper reductions in nuclear arsenals. The plan affirms that nuclear disarmament and achieving the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons will require openness and cooperation, and ... enhanced confidence through increased transparency and effective verification.2 Specific items of the 2010 NPT Action Plan call for cooperation aimed at increasing confidence, improving transparency and developing efficient verification capabilities related to nuclear disarmament.3 1 Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, Global nuclear weapons inventories, 1945-2010, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 66, no. 4, 2010, pp. 77-83. 2 Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, document NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I), 2010. 3 Ibid., action 19. * A P A A

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