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1 Gender in Cyber Diplomacy [1] (2019)

handle is hein.unl/gndcyb0001 and id is 1 raw text is: GENDER IN CYBER DIPLOMACY GENDER BALANCE IN THE GROUPS OF GOVERNMENTAL EXPERTS Over the past fifteen years, six Groups of Governmental Experts (GGEs) have been established with the purpose of discussing Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security. Although the composition of the GGEs followed the principle of equitable geographical distribution, the nomination of experts has not been balanced in terms of gender representation. D From the first to the fifth group, the average proportion of women increased at a slow rate. This changed after the UN Secretary-General launched the Agenda for Disarmament in 2018. It includes a commitment to achieve gender parity on all panels, boards, and expert groups established under his auspices in the field of disarmament (Action 37). D On average in the six GGEs, women have represented only 20.2% of participants. This proportion is consistent with what UNIDIR research has found for other specialized forums dealing with arms control and disarmament. When States can only send a single representative, they almost always send a man. Gender balance in GGEs on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security 2004 - 2005 2009 - 2010 2012 - 2013 2014-2015 2016-2017 2019 - 2021 * Countries represented in GGE (2004-2021): Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Brazi , Botswana, Canada, China, Co ombia, Cuba, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay. * Even though GGEs have fixed composition (15, 20, 25 members), participating countries are a lowed to rep ace experts from one session to another, thus increasing the overall number of experts involved. GENDER BALANCE IN MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY The UN Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security held its first meeting in September 2019. Out of 414 participants in the OEWG, 32% were women and 68% were men. The gender imbalance is even more pronounced in leadership positions, with only 24% of delegations led by women. Following a recurrent pattern in arms control and disarmament diplomacy, men were overrepresented as head of delegations to the OEWG to an even greater degree than would be expected given the overall proportion of men in a meeting. 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 % MEN 0 WOMEN OEWG, Delegation Gender Balance MEN MEN HEADS OF DELEGATIONS WOMEN 133/32% WOMEN HEADS OF DELEGATIONS 29/24 % *i

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