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1 Alan Cole, The Impact of GILTI, FDII, and BEAT 1 (2024)

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*.TAX FOUNDATION







The Impact of GILTI, FDII, and BEAT



Alan Cole   Senior Economist

January 2024



Key Findings

•  The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) reformed the U.S. system for taxing international corporate
   income. Understanding the impact of TCJA's international provisions thus far can help lawmakers
   consider how to approach international tax policy in the coming years.
 • International tax policy must balance competing objectives, such as maximizing revenue and growth
   while minimizing profit shifting and complexity.
 • The TCJA's international changes-a transition to a territorial system with worldwide elements, and
   some  anti-base-erosion measures-were  an attempt to balance those competing objectives.
 • The TCJA's international system's global minimum tax; known as GILTI, raises substantial revenue,
   but it may lose much of its revenue as countries work to comply with Pillar Two.
 • The TCJA's incentive to keep highly mobile profits in the U.S., known as FDII, has been somewhat suc-
   cessful in curbing profit shifting.
 • A rule known as BEAT, which disallows the overuse of cross-border tax deductions commonly associ-
   ated with profit shifting as measured by accounting data, may not be as effective as projected.
 • Reformers  should build on what these provisions got right and modify them where they fail or where
   they become  incompatible with international tax developments.















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