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1 Alex Muresianu, et al., How Well Do Carbon Taxes Match Their Promise? A New Proposed Metric 1 (2023)

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*STAX FOUNDATION




How Well Do Carbon Taxes Match Their

Promise? A New Proposed Metric



Alex Muresianu   Policy Analyst
Alex Mengden  Global Policy  Analyst
Michael Hartt    Research Assistant

November  2023



Key Findings

•   Carbon taxes are a popular solution to climate change because they are an economically efficient way
   to price in negative externalities of greenhouse gas emissions.
 •  In practice, carbon taxes have been partial measures, either exempting certain sectors of the economy
    or offering substantially reduced rates for certain activities.
 •  One way to judge the design and administration of carbon taxes is by measuring the ratio of actual
    revenue collected divided by potential revenue, known as a c-efficiency ratio. The resulting ratio illus-
    trates how well the tax captures the theoretical tax base.
 • The  Canadian territories of Northwest Territories and British Columbia, as well as Japan and Luxem-
    bourg, performed the best, with c-efficiency ratios around or above 0.6.
 • The  average c-efficiency ratio of the jurisdictions studied is 0.29, and the weighted average c-efficiency
    ratio is 0.24.
 •  Some countries employ multiple carbon pricing systems, often for different sectors of the economy,
   which explains some carbon taxes' lower c-efficiency ratios.
 • The  high c-efficiency ratios of some high-income jurisdictions that rely heavily on carbon taxes show it
    is a viable policy tool for capturing its desired tax base.













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