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Texas v. White et al. U.S. 700 (1869)

handle is hein.slavery/ussccases0383 and id is 1 raw text is: 700 TEXAS V. WHITE. [Sup. Ct. Syllabus. TEXAS V. WHITE ET AL. 1. The word State describes sometimes a people or community of individu- als united more or less closely in political relations, inhabiting tempo- rarily or permanently the same country; often it denotes only the country, or territorial region, inhabited by such n community; not unfrequently it is applied to the government uder which the people live; at other times it represents the combined idea of people, territory, and government. 2. In the Constitution the term State most frequently expresses the com- bined idea just noticed, of people, territory, and government. A State, in the ordinary sense of the Constitution, is a political community of free citizens, occupying a territory of defined boundaries, and organ- ized under a government sanctioned and limited by a written consti- tution, and established by the consent of the governed. 3. But the term is also used to express the idea of a people or political com- munity, as distinguished from the government. In this sense it is used in the clause which provides that the United States bhall guarantee to every State in the Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion. 4. The Union of the States never was a purely artificial and arbitrary rela- tion. It began among the Colonies, and grew'out of conimon origin, mutual sympathies, kindred principles, similar interests, and geo- graphicil relations. It was confirmed and strengthened by the neces- sities of war, and received definite form, and character, and sanction, from the Articles of Confederation. By these the Union was solemnly declared to be perpetual. And, when these Articles were found to be inadequate to the exigencies of the country, the Constitutionwas or- dained ' to form a more perfect Union. 5. Bat the perpetuity and indissolubility of the Union by no means implies the loss of distinct and individual existence, or of the right of self- government by the States. On the contrary, it may be not unreason- ably said, that the preservation of the States, and the maintenance of their governments, are as much within the design and care of the Con- stitution, as the preservation of the Union and the maintenance of the National government. The Constitution, in all its provisions, looks to an indestructible Union, composed of indestructible States. 6. When Texas became one of the United States, she entered into an indis- soluble relation. The union between Texas and the other States was as complete, as perpetual, and as indissoluble as the union between the original States. There was no place for reconsideration or revocation, except through revolution or through consent of the States. 7. Considered as transactions under the Constitukion, the ordinance of se- cession, adopted by the convention, and ratified by a majority of the citizens of Texas. and all the acts of her legislatura intended to give

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