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2022 Op. Wash. Att'y Gen. [1] (2022)

handle is hein.sag/sagwa2022 and id is 1 raw text is: Published on Washington State (https://www.atg~wagov)
Home > Use of physical force by law enforcement
Attorney General
LAW ENFORCEMENT-POLICE-SHERIFF-Use of physical force
by law enforcement
1. The term physical force is not defined in E2SHB 1310 or in the law more generally,
and therefore there is significant uncertainty as to its meaning. The most natural
reading of the statute's plain language is that physical force includes all acts by
officers that involve violence, compulsion, or constraint used against another
person's body, even if it is unlikely to cause pain or injury. However, physical touch
that occurs in the course of rendering aid would generally not be physical force,
provided the individual receiving assistance is not resisting.
2. While the answer is unclear, the more likely reading of E2SHB 1310 is that officers
may only use physical force under the circumstances listed in the statute. Therefore,
the statute precludes an officer from using physical force in the context of an
investigatory detention based solely on reasonable suspicion, even if the individual
does not comply with the request to stop.
3. In light of our answer to your second question, we conclude that officers may use
physical force to take a person into custody under RCW 71.05, RCW 13.34, and RCW
43.185C only if they can articulate a permissible use of force specified in E2SHB
1310. In many cases, however, physical force may be justified under that statute to
protect against an imminent threat of bodily injury when an officer takes someone
into custody under these other statutes.
January 20, 2022
The Honorable Roger Goodman
State Representative, District 45
PO Box 40600
Olympia, WA 98504                Cite As:
The Honorable Jesse Johnson      AGO 2022 No. 1
State Representative, District 30
PO Box 40600
Olympia, WA 98504

Dear Representatives Goodman and Johnson:

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