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9 Youth Violence & Juv. Just. 3 (2011)

handle is hein.journals/yvja9 and id is 1 raw text is: Articles Youth Violence and juvenile justice 9(1) 3-22 @ The Author(s) 2011 Ge e ie c i MReprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Health Problem s and Violence DOI: 10.1177/1541204010373902 http://yvi.sagepub.corn Among Chicago Youth OSAGE Jennifer Wareham' and Denise Paquette Boots2 Abstract The role of gender is critical when examining how mental health problems affect delinquency over the life course. This study explores gender and developmental pathways to violence for youth participating in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Girls having oppositional defiant problems (ODP) were significantly more likely to self-report violence from late childhood through early adolescence; however, only depressive problems mattered for girls during late adolescence. For boys, antisocial personality problems during late adolescence affected violence. Moderating effects of gender were limited to early and late adolescence. Implica- tions regarding gendered solutions when developing strategies targeting youth violence are discussed. Keywords developmental criminology, gender, mental health, PHDCN, violence Gender differences in the development of aggression, violence, and delinquent behavior are well established in the literature (Moffitt & Caspi, 2001; Moffitt, Caspi, Rutter, & Silva, 2001). Overall, boys tend to be substantially more involved in delinquent behavior than females and continue to rep- resent the bulk of offenders, but increasing trends in certain types of offending among girls have begun to concern scholars and practitioners. In particular, the proportion of girls arrested for com- mitting violent crime index offenses increased from 10% to 18% between 1980 and 2003 and the proportion of those arrested for committing property crime index offenses rose from 19% to 32% over the same period (Snyder & Sickmund, 2006). Snyder and Sickmund noted that for violent crime-related arrests, this increasing trend among girls was almost entirely due to higher aggravated assault rates. Furthermore, the proportion of girls arrested for simple assaults increased from 21% to 32%. These juvenile arrest trends cannot speak to the etiological causes of delinquency and should not be used to suggest that girls are necessarily becoming more aggressive. What they do suggest, Wayne State University 2University of Texas at Dallas Corresponding Author: Jennifer Wareham, 3278 Faculty/Administration Building, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. Email: jwareham@wayne.edu

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