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7 Yale Hum. Rts. & Dev. L.J. 1 (2004)

handle is hein.journals/yhurdvl7 and id is 1 raw text is: Article
A Positive Right to Protection for Children
Tamar Ezert
Concepts that are useful in other areas of human rights break
down in the context of children. Because children are dependent
on adults for their development, they are an anomaly in the
liberal legal order, which views negative rights as implying fully
rational, autonomous individuals that can exercise free choice.
This Article argues for a positive right to protection for children,
rooted in dignity, by probing the problematic nature of the
positive/negative rights duality and exploring alternate legal
approaches to protecting children 's rights in both international
and comparative law. The adoption of positive rights for
children would help assure adequate protection, which the
current American legal regime, as typified by the case DeShaney
v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, fails to do.
I. INTRODUCTION
Children are an anomaly in the liberal legal order. Conceptualizations
that work in other areas of human rights break down in the context of
children. Children defy the conventional view of rights as implying fully
rational, autonomous individuals who can exercise free choice and require
freedom from governmental interference. Lacking fully developed rational
capabilities, children  are  dependent incompetents    by   definition.
Furthermore, unlike the term individual, the term child does not stand
alone from all others, but necessarily implies a relationship.
The founders of liberal rights theory perceived children to be outside
the scope of their philosophies. John Stuart Mill' excluded children from
t Fellow, The International Women's Law Clinic at Georgetown University Law Center,
2004; J.D. Harvard Law School, 2001; Editor-in-Chief, Harvard Human Rights Journal, 2001;
B.A. Stanford University, 1997.
1 John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher who lived from 1806-1873, wrote about the

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