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28 J. Offender Rehab. 1 (1998-1999)

handle is hein.journals/wjor28 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, Vot 28 (1/2), 1998. Pp. 1-28. @ 1998 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All /ights reserved. Prevention of Juvenile Violence: A Critical Review of Current Scientific Strategies C. RAY JEFFERY Florida State University ABSTRACT The theme of this paper is the prevention of juvenile violence through pro-active responses based on modern biological and neurological knowledge, rather than after-the-fact legal responses based on a doctrine of free will, moral responsibility, and revenge and punishment. Prevention pro- grams are of two types: interdisciplinary and social-developmental. Interdisci- plinary approaches are based on biology, psychology, sociology, law, and urban planning and focus on the 5-7% of the delinquent cohort population who go on to serious violent careers and the 3-5% of the urban areas with high crime rates. Individual differences are as crucial as environmental differences, since the emerging model is one of individuals interacting with the environ- ment. Hence, urban planning and the new ecology are to be utilized in crime prevention. The social-developmental model is based on the manipulation of such social variables as family, school, neighborhood, and peer groups. How- ever, the research indicates that such interventions are effective for no more than 2-3 years and that the 5% headed for serious offenses are not identified by concentrating solely on environmental variables. Finally, the judicial-legal approach to violence is discussed, with a focus on Supreme Court decisions in which, because of a 5-4 split, one justice determines major policy issues. On the basis of very conservative appointments, the Supieme Court has supported the death penalty. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Docwnent Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: geiinfo@htaworthpressinc.com] KEYWORDS Juvenile justice, juvenile delinquency, crime prevention, psy- chobiology of aggression

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