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16 J. Ethnicity Crim. Just. 1 (2018)

handle is hein.journals/wecj16 and id is 1 raw text is: JOURNAL OF ETHNICITY IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2018, VOL. 16, NO. 1, 1-21 Routledge https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2017.1414008 Taylor& Francis Group Measuring double consciousness among black law enforcement officers to understand the significant role of race in law enforcement occupational cultures Warren V. Dukes Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The current study correlates Merton's anomie theory and W. E. B. Received 21 July 2016 Dubois's double-consciousness theory to measure black law Revised 4 December 2017 enforcement officers' reactions to occupational strain resulting Accepted 4 December2017 from officers' ethnic-identification. Measuring levels of anomic KEYWORDS behavior provides a scale for identifying levels of risk affecting Double consciousness; police the well-being of individual officers and organizations. Testing culture; black police officer; hierarchal regression models with a national sample of black organizational culture state- and federal-level law enforcement officers (n - 84) reveals a presence of double consciousness as a significant predictor for levels of anomic behavior in law enforcement occupational cultures. It also further suggests that race remains a significant factor in law enforcement organizations and cultures, whereas many police executives would prefer to believe that race issues in policing are settled. Identification and consciousness both denote cognition; whereas the former describes a person's relation to others in a stratum, the latter is about a stratum's position in a society (Gurin, Miller, & Gurin, 1980). Just as identity is essential to the idea of oneself, the identity construct is used to shape an organization's identity that defines and establishes an imagery of its function within an industry. Foreman and Whetten (2002) reference Pratt (1998) in stating that organizational identity has been combined with social identity theory to explain the process whereby indi- viduals identify with organizations. According to Foreman and Whetten (2002), numerous researchers have made the connection between identity and identifica- tion to explain a range of organizational processes, including loyalty (Mael & Ashforth, 1996), control practices (Barker & Tompkins, 1994), and commitment (Whetten et. al, 1992). Recently, the numerous police-involved shootings of black males in predomi- nately minority communities has brought national scrutiny to legal practices of CONTACT Warren V. Dukes Odukes2@purdue.edu ( Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/wecj. 0 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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