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2024 Vietnamese J. Legal Sciences 1 (2024)

handle is hein.journals/vemsjl2024 and id is 1 raw text is: S sciendo Vietnamese Journal ofLegal Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 01, 2024, pp. 01-22 DOI: 10.2478/vjls-2024-0001 1 THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AND THE INDO-PACIFIC NEGOTIATIONS CHRISTIAN DEBLOCK Department of Political Science Center for International Studies on Integration and Globalisation University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada Email: deblock.christian@uqam.ca Abstract The Biden administration's strategy in the Indo-Pacific is of twofold interest. On the one hand, it breaks with the approach that the United States has always advocated since the 1980s, namely the general opening ofmarkets throughfree trade agreements. And on the other hand, the economy, more than trade, is at the center ofthe negotiations, with security, technology, and the resilience of value chains as the main issues. Is this a turning point? After placing the Indo-Pacific Economic Frameworkfor Prosperity (IPEF) in its historical context, the author makes seven observations about it, to conclude that the initiative currently raises more questions than it provides answers to the United States economic security. Keywords: Indo-Pacific; United States; China; trade; U.S. trade policy; trade negotiations; friendshoring Received: 31 January 2024 Accepted: 18 March 2024 President Trump's withdrawal of the United States' signature from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) has not only left a great void, but also thrown its partners into disarray, both in Asia and the Americas. In addition to a trade agreement with China, his administration nevertheless concluded a new trade agreement between the United States and its two bordering neighbors (Canada - United States - Mexico Agreement, CUSMA) and launched a new initiative towards Indo-Pacific, called Free and Open Indo-Pacific to counter China's growing influence in Asia and the world. The United States' trade policy has undergone new developments under the presidency of Joe Biden. Several initiatives have been launched towards the three major world economic regions. I would like to focus my attention on one of them in the following pages: the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF). I also intend to return to Canada's Indo- Pacific Strategy, which Canada launched shortly after that of the United States. The IPEF was launched in February 2022 and negotiations began in September 2022. The Canadian strategy was launched in November 2022, and since then, Canada has been working to negotiate a FTA with the countries ofASEAN. In parallel, it officially requested to join the negotiations led by the United States. The United States' strategy is surprising in that it breaks with the approach that it has always advocated since the 1980s, namely the comprehensive liberalization of markets through FTAs. Is this a turning point? The question

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