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6 Theoretical Criminology 5 (2002)

handle is hein.journals/thcr6 and id is 1 raw text is: Theoretical Criminology Q 2002 SAGE Publications London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi. 1362-4806(200202)6:1 Vol. 6(1): 5-33; 021193 Attachment, masculinity, and self-control: A theory of male crime rates KAREN L. HAYSLETT-MCCALL AND THOMAS J. BERNARD The Pennsylvania State University, USA Abstract Attachment theory and research from developmental psychology suggest that disruptions in attachments to primary caregivers in early childhood have long-term negative consequences. Scholars in the emerging field of men's studies argue that boys disproportionately experience these disruptions of early attachment and that these disruptions are causally related to elements of what is often described as the masculine gender role. These two bodies of theory and research are combined with Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) theory of low self-control in a new theory of disproportionate male offending. Key Words attachment * male crime rates * masculinity * self-control Gender is the strongest and most consistent correlate of crime and delin- quency (Bartusch and Matsueda, 1996). The explanation of gendered differences in the likelihood of offending (the 'gender ratio' problem) has received increasing attention from criminologists in the last several decades, especially from feminist criminologists (Daly and Chesney-Lind, 1988). Heidensohn (1997: 791) remarks that one of the lessons from all of this material, 'stunning in its implications,' is that 'we have to ask a different 5

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